KA SPAH JONG KA KTIEN " KHASI"

Ha ka ktien KHASI don arphewlai tylli ki DAK kita ki long:
  A B K D E G NG H I II  J L M N   N(i dak dash na jrong)  O P R S T U W Y.

  Kumba long ha ki dak jong ki phareng  ki juh ki dak ki ba don lang ha ka ktien jong ngi , bad tang 3 dak ki jing ia pher .kum ia u 'N' bad ia u 'II' ha ki ne don u DAK (~) hajrong u 'N' bad ruh don u dak (..) ha jrong u 'II' .
 

  Kum ha ka ktien PHARENG, kajuh ruh ha ka ktien KHASI don ka:
NOUNS,PRONOUNS,ADJECTIVES,VERBS ,ADVERBS,PREPOSITION,CONJUNCTION,bad INTERJECTION.
  
                NOUNS
1  PROPER NOUN: U DONBOK ,KA SOHRA,U LUM SHILLONG.....
2   COMMON NOUN: U BRIEW ,KA MRAD,KI TIAR....
3    COLLECTIVE NOUN: U PAIDBAH,KA DORBAR, U PYRTON .......
4     MATERIAL NOUN:KA SHUN,U SHYIAP , KA MLUH ....
5      ABSTRACT NOUN: JINGJOT ,JINGIAP,JING ALHIA , JINGPHOHSNIEW, KA SABUT ,KAPYNGKIANG ,KA BUROM...
               GENDER
'U' ia ki shynrang bad 'KA' ia kynthei.ha ka COMMON GENDER pat ka long da ka ba ngi buh ia u 'I'(marwei) bad ''KI' (babun).

               ARTICLE
Don 4 tylli ki article ki ta ki long :
     U   , KA  ,  I ,  KI  .
   

         PRONOUNS
1  PERSONAL PRONOUN: nga,ngi,phi,me,pha, ka, ki.
2   REFLEXIVE PRONOUN: ia, ha, da, na  .bud da ka kyntien 'lade'.
Bad kumjuh ruh ka 'hi' hadien ka PERSONAL PRONOUN.
3     RELATIVE PRO NOUN:ba,ei,no,ta. Hadien ka PERSONAL PRONOUN. ' aui' ,jar,uno uno,kat ,uta....
4      INTEROGATIVE PRONOUN:uei,kaei,kiei,aui,uno,kano,mano,ino,sha,mo.
5      DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN: kane,une,katei ,utei,kathie ,uthie,kata,uta.
6        INDEFINITE PRONOUN:uwei,kawei,iwei,kiwei,bun,baroh,khyndiat,uno-uno,kano-kano,kiei-kiei,uno re uno,kano re kano ,uwei pa uwei, kawei pa kawei,mar mar.
             
             ADJECTIVES PRONOUN
Ia ka Adjective ha ktien khasi la pynlong da kaba buh ia ki kyntien- ba,uba,kaba,iba,kiba. Hashuwa ka Verb,  nuksa:
   Stad-   ba stad , u ba stad ..
    Iong-  kaba iong , kiba iong.
Ka ktien 'BAROH' bud sa ka NOUN ruh ka long Adjective :-
Baroh shisngi , Baroh san ngut , Baroh  uwei.
Ka Adjective ka lah ban long la da ka ia snoh lang bad ka noun  hapoh ka Gender bad ka Number :-
     Ka tari kaba luin
     U ksai uba jwat
     Ki dieng kiba heh.
Kumjuh ruh ka lah ban long lada bu ka kyntien ' BAN IA '  'IA'.
   U kham nang ban ia nang.
    Wanllam ka masi kaba sngaid tam na baroh.
Ka lah ruh ban long da kaba batai ia ka jinglong kum :
   Byr- iong, lam- byr- stem, lam mihngi, lam kadiang , saw hain hain , saw syng- iang , stem malu mala.
             NUMERAL ADJECTIVES
Phew , spah ,hajar ,klur ,shi -spah ,shi- liang, shi - kur, shi - kham , shi- song  .
Ka lah ruh ban long da ka ba buh ia ktien - KABA , UBA , KIBA  .hadien ka Numeral adjective :
   Kaba nyngkong , uba ar .
Ka ktien  -wat , sien , shah , ruh ka lah ban long bud hadien ka Numeral :
   Shiwat , shisien , ar shah .

                  VERBS

  Don arjaid ha ka verb ;
TRANSITIVE VERB:   UBRIEW U THIED paro
INTRANSITIVE VERB:  U KULAI U MAREH.
Ka Causitive Verb pat ka long da kaba bun '- pyn , pyl , kyn.
Pyndait , pyllait , kynthoh.

               VOICE
ACTIVE - U PULIT U KEM IA U NONGTUH.
PASSIVE - IA U NONGTUH LA KEM DA U PULIT.
      
                MOOD
INDICATIVE MOOD : KA BRIEW KA KIT MAW. , U MASI U TUR IA U BRIEW.
IMPERATIVE MOOD: IEID IA LA U PARAMARJAN  , SHIM IALA KA JONG.
Kumjuh ruh ki ktien - to , da ,ia , hato , hadiang , wat ,khie , shuh , shuh shuwa . Ki long kum ka jingmaham ne hukum ha ka Mood :
To ieng ngin ia leit  noh
   To ngin ia duwai
   Hato kato ka kot
  Khie leit noh
  Shuh
   Shuh shuwa
  Wat tuh
  Kaba itynnad dei? Hadiang.
  SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
Lada , la , tad  ynda ,da , ban da ..

Lada phi ieid ianga , sumar ki hukum jong nga.
Lymda phi minot, phin nym nang .
Tad ynda ne tad u da leit  nga ruh ngan leit
Ban da i don i pa hangne ngan ym shitom eh katne.
      
           AUXILIARY VERBS
NGA LA IOH I IA U.
U LAH BAN SHIM .
NGAN WAN .
YN AI IA U .
KAN SA WAN .
KI IA KREN KI KHYNNAH.
NGAM SHYM IOHI BA PHI IA DIH.
NGA IOHI IA PHI BA PHI KIEW IA KA KYNROH.
            
                ADVERBS
ADVERB OF TIME ; MYNHYNNE , MYNHYNDAI , MYNLYUIR , MYNNOR , MYNTAN   ,MYNTA .
LA SHAI , LASHIBIT  , LA SHISNGI , LANO , LAWEI - LA- AR., MAN KA SNEM , MAN KA POR , MAN U BNAI , MAN LA KA STEP , HA LA KA RTA , HALA KA AR TAIEW, HAMAR , ARTAD ,KUMNE - KUMNE , HABA , HABA DEI -BA DAI, SHIPHANG , BAROH - SHI-KATTA ,TANG SHU ,SHUH .

ADVERBS OF MANNER : ADKAR , BIANG-BIANG ,KAMAI KHLAIN ,KHRAW ,KYNJAI , DANG SHU , DA LEI LEI RUH , EI , HI ,HORKIT ,JINDEI , PHAR ,  PYRSHAH , PHNGAR , SHALAI , SAH ,SAK , WANG .

ADVERBS OF PLACE: ARSUT,ARTET,KYRTIANG,DADIEN,HAEI ,HAEI RE HAEI,HANGNE,HANGNO,HALOR ,HASHEN,HA SYNDAH ,HANGTA, HANGTAI,LYNDANG ,MARKHAP,MARKHMAT,PYLLUP ,PYRSHING.....

ADVEBS OF CAUSE ASSERTION : ADE, BALEI? ,KEIN,KEIN NOH ,KHAM ,DU ,  EM ,HANA ,HOOID ,LEHSE,JIW / JU,PAT ,PHEWSE SHA?,SHAIT , TO ,TIP MA, YM..HEIT ? ,YM...SATIAT...
ADVERB OF SIZE , QUANTITY:LYNDOI,LYNDUI,MLON,MLUN,PYRDONG ,PYRDUNG.

              PREPOSITION
PLACE: HA ,HADIEN ,HAJAN,HALOR,HAPOH,HANENG,HA PDENG,HARUM,HAPHRANG,LYNGBA,LYNDET,NA,NABAR,NADUH,NALOR,PYRSHAH,SHA,SHAPHARANG.
TIME: ANTAD,KUMBA,HA,HADUH ,HAMAR,NADUH.
REFERENCE: SHAPHANG ,LA.
SEPARATION: KHLEM(DA),LAIT,(NA,),TANG .
AGENCY: DA
END PURPOSE  MOTIVE : NAMAR ,NA KA BYNTA.
CONFORMITY,AVERSION,OPPOSITION,SUBSTITUTION: KATKUM, PYRSHAH, IA ,NALOR, HA KA JAKA.

          CONJUNCTIONS
Copulative - BAD,RUH,KUMJUH ,MYNTA ,NALOR KATA, BA , KAT , LA
DISJUNCTIVE  - HYNREI, LANE  ,NABA, PYNBAN, LAKUMTA , LA,
ILLATIVE - NAMAR KATA.
CONDITION - LADA , THARAI , LYMDA , LA KUMTA , JAIT BA
TIME - HABA, KATBA , HADUH BAN DA , SHUWA .
CAUSE, REASON - NAMAR ,
IOHBA .

         INTERJECTIONS
A-UI! ,KAW! , KOK! , KOIT!, KUMTA!, JAHARE!, SHISH!, PHEWSE!, SHI PHI!, WAW-MEI!, .

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( DANG IAI BUN BAH KI KTIEN KHASI KI BA NGI KI BRIEW NGI JU IAI PYNDON KAM .
    KANE KA THOH KA LONG TANG KUM KA JING PYNKYNMAW IA NGI  BA NGIN NYM KLET IA LA KA KTIEN ..BAD RUH  LA KYRPAD JUR IA  BAROH BA LADA KWAH TIP KHAM BNIAH PHI LAH BAN PEIT NA KA KOT   " HINTS ON THE STUDY OF KHASI LANGUAGES "  BA LA THOH DA U  NISSSOR SING .)
                 
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